Research Methods Of Health And Social Care - 1726 Words

Research Methods in Health and Social Care Throughout research in Health and social care settings, there are many implications with the research, which takes place. Many research methods include ethical issues which have to be considered when conducting research. Ethical issues need to be considered when research is being conducted, in all methods of conducting the research information. One method of research is using interviews. For example, when using interviews in a care home, when conducting research, many ethical issues can be raised. Interviews not only take place face-to-face, but also can happen on the phone, online, through text messaging, using a video messenger and though social media. Interviews are a very useful way of collecting information because a wide range of detailed information can be collected at a large quantity. There are two types of interviews: structured or unstructured. Structured interviews are where the interviewer has already pre-planned the questions that they will use in the interview. This is useful because the interview can be repeated, as the questions are standardised. Unstructured interviews are not made up of prepared questions. The interviewer will ask more open questions about board topics and then use follow-up questions to gain more answers in further detail. This method of interview is time-consuming however it enables the interviewee to answer questions in more detail and depth. It is possible that audio-recordings can beShow MoreRelatedResearch Methods in Health and Social Care2462 Words   |  10 PagesResearch Methods in Health and Social Care Critical review of quantitative research Majid,S.Foo,S.Luyt,B.Ahang,X.Theng,YL.Chang,YK.Mokhtar,IA.(2011) Adopting and evidence-based practice in clinical decision making: nurses’ perceptions, knowledge , and barriers. Journal of the Medical Library Association 99(3) PP229-236. This essay will be a critical review on the study conducted by Majid et al (2011). The article which is titled ‘Adopting evidence-based practice in clinical decision making: Nurses’Read MoreTraditional Conceptions Of Service Planning And Management1217 Words   |  5 Pages Wherton et al support the notion that if ‘care closer to home’ is to be realised, then industry, health and social care providers must evolve ways to work with older people to co-produce useful and useable solutions. â€Å"Design Participation,† as the event was entitled, was the first international con- ference of the Design Research Society in 1966 (Cross). In the decade preceding the conference, design participation had become a matter of mounting social and political concern with growing impact onRead MoreFactors That Affect The Validity Of Research1280 Words   |  6 Pagesis based on the specific claims that are made on a research and how reliable the claims are supported by the evidence given from the research. There are various factors that affect the validity of research and these factors are: ensuring that the methods used is appropriate for the purpose of the research. The methods can include using the right equipment and knowing the accuracy of it when it’s used to make measurements, observing how the research was carried out, the way the results were analysedRead MoreHealth and social care1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 16: Understanding Specific Needs in Health and Social Care Student No. Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 30/05/2014 11/07/2014 Submitted on Assignment title LO2 Task No. Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time. 1 1.3 LO1 In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to Analyse concepts of health, disabilityRead Morecare guid Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesin health and social care Unit number: 24 Level: 5 Credit value: 15 Guided learning hours: 60 Unit reference number: A/601/1639 UNIT AIM AND PURPOSE This unit will provide learners with an understanding of methods used to bring information about contemporary health and social care issues to the public, progressing to examining how these methods can influence public opinion. Learners will also have the opportunity to explore a contemporary health and social careRead MoreHealth and Social Care Level 3 Unit 1 P11376 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Effective Communications in Health and Social Care Within this essay, the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context will be explained. It will also be linked to experiences in work placements for example, may be at a care home for adults with learning disabilities, and physical disabilities. The five contexts which will be researched are; one to one communication, group communication, multi agency working, multi professional working also communicationRead MoreHealth And Social Care Research1505 Words   |  7 PagesIn health and social care research tends to accept the methods of social science research because the projects often involve investigating people’s feelings, observations and attitudes, which do not lend themselves to investigation by scientific methodology. Quantitative research Scientific method involves quantitative information. For example measuring changes in the body and analysing blood or urine samples. Body mass index is used to measure height and weight to distinguish whether an individualRead MoreUnder India’S New National Health Policy, 2015, The Government1621 Words   |  7 PagesNational Health Policy, 2015, the government aims to shape the current and future healthcare system improving upon the last policy, written in 2002. The National Health Policy, 2015, emphasized potentially effective strategies to combat widespread issues by reducing the need for additional physicians amongst the already strained human resources in healthcare, addressing the need for assessment of social determinants, and incorporating the variations in culture in future outreach and care practicesRead MoreHealth Geography Is A Branch Of Social Science1073 Words   |  5 Pages*Health geography approaches. Health geography is a branch of social science which investigates the interaction between people and the environment. Health geography views health from an all-inclusive perspective combining society and space, and it intellectualises the role of place, location, and geography within the realm of health, wellbeing, and disease. To put it simply, health geography examines why space and place are central for health variation in the population. As a result, approachesRead MoreRelationship Between Health Care And Justice950 Words   |  4 PagesPerhaps it was my parents’ socialist upbringing in Yugoslavia or my mother’s struggles with her autoimmune disorders that helped foster my interest in health inequities. Although I now find the relationship between health care and justice fascinating, my initial academic encounters with health care were not anchored in sociological, political, or legal frameworks. Drawn to human physiology and anatomy, I excelled in the biological sciences throughout secondary school. I enrolled in university intent

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) Essay - 653 Words

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) Hypothesis Probably the most logical explanation is that there has been a conflict that is decades old, that comes from, religious differences to territorial and power ambitions. This war is a war that is not going to stop until both countries solve their internal affairs, because the historical background that this two countries have is not an easy one. I think that the only way to fully achieve peace between these two countries is, for them to come to an agreement regarding the territories, and another one to respect each other’s religions. Cause-Effect Both countries wanted to have a certain peace of land that had an important role on the trading and pass for both countries, and also the fact that they†¦show more content†¦Khomeini was said by some to have a quot;martyr complex,quot; though, as U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance wryly observed, people with martyr complexes rarely live to be as old as Khomeini. Whatever his complexes, Khomeini had no qualms about sending his followers, including young boys, off to their deaths for his greater glory. This callous disregard for human life was no less characteristic of Saddam Hussein. And, for that matter, it was also no less characteristic of much of the world community, which not only couldnt be bothered by a few hundred thousand Third World corpses, but also tried to profit from the conflict. Questions and answers 1)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Do you think that this war has a productive outcome? Why? - Yes, because it settled a problem that existed a long time ago. 2)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Do you think that after this war there could be any resentment from any of the parties? Why? -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I don’t know, there might be because one of the countries lost, and obviously no body likes to be defeated 3)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What do you think about this conflict? -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I do not support wars, and it is even worst if you are fighting over some territory, why can’t you settleShow MoreRelatedThe Causes and Effects of the the Iran-Iraq War Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesIran-Iraq War, An Iraqi soldier carrying an AK-47 assault rifle during the Iran-Iraq War. [Credit:  © Jacques Pavlovsky/Corbis](1980–88), prolonged military conflict between Iran and Iraq during the 1980s. Open warfare began on Sept. 22, 1980, when Iraqi armed forces invaded western Iran along the countries’ joint border, though Iraq claimed that the war had begun earlier that month, on September 4, when Iran shelled a number of border posts. Fighting was ended by a 1988 cease-fire, though the resumptionRead MoreIraq War Between Iran And Iraq1405 Words   |  6 PagesWhile both Iran and Iraq, the two most powerful states in the Persian Gulf, had boarder disputes dating back to 1501, Iraq has always had a long history of conflicts with its neighboring countries but none more conspicuously than Iran. Historians believe that the forty battles of the Iran- Iraq war were fought because of territorial and government disputes. After eight long years, the Iran- Iraq war was adequately more than people had every imagined it to be. The bitter war devastated both co untriesRead MoreThe Outbreak of the Iran-Iraq War, An Outline826 Words   |  3 PagesIn the fall of 1980, one of the largest and most destructive conflicts to occur since the end of the second world war started between the states of Iran and Iraq. Lasting eight years, the war left approximately 1.5 million dead and around a million casualties with thousands of refugees fleeing both nations. †¢ Cost up to $1,000,000,000 monthly †¢ Total cost to date may exceed $300,000,000,000 †¢ (Swearingen, 1988) Using three levels of analysis - the individual, domestic and systemic - theRead MoreThe Iraq And Iran War1499 Words   |  6 Pages The Iraq and Iran war in 1980 through 1988 started on September 22, 1980, which resulted in an 8 year war, 500,000 casualties, $600 billion debt accumulated, and many more factors. The Iraq and Iran war strained Iraq’s political, and social life. Also put Iraq’s economy into severe conditions. The 1980, 8 year war between Iraq and Iran was fueled by many factors including border disputes (geographical and economical), and Iraq’s new dictator Saddam Hussein (political). Saddam Hussein feared thatRead MoreIran-Iraq War Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesIran-Iraq War The eight year Iran-Iraq War was, by the standards of international conflicts, a very long one. It lasted longer than both World War I and World War II. In this conflict, the two most powerful states in the Persian Gulf, Iran and Iraq, who were the world’s largest producers of petroleum, were locked in mortal combat and appeared intent on destroying each other. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, simultaneously launching an invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on SeptemberRead MoreCulture Is Defined As The Beliefs, Customs, And Arts1029 Words   |  5 Pagesand still do not have such luxuries as running water, or electricity. Iran is one of the world’s most mountainous terrains. Most of the population are located deep within the mountains. Most of the villages have one main town which runs as the trading points in the different regions. Due to rivers being almost nonexistent because of the warm environment most of the travelling is done by caravans or wagons. Iran s infrastructure is poor compared to other countries around the world. TheRead MoreThe Cultural Characteristics Of Culture975 Words   |  4 Pages Iran Merriam-Webster states â€Å"culture is defined: as the beliefs, customs, and arts, of a particular society, group, place, or time.† People think of culture as they think of a particular person(s) or a region but with a little studying of the culture, they would understand what it is. The first thing we need to understand is that culture will be taught, or learned over time. Culture is not something we were born with or receive from your parents. People learn the different culturesRead MoreCulture Is Defined As The Beliefs, Customs, And Arts994 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology arises. There is actually remote islands where there are specific tribes that believe so much in their beliefs that they have never seen western civilization and still do not have such luxuries as running water, or electricity. Uniquely Iran is one of the world’s most mountainous terrains. Most of the villages have one main town which runs as the trading points in the different regions. Due to rivers being almost nonexistent because of the warm environment most of the travelling willRead MoreThe War Between Iraq And Iran1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe war between Iraq and Iran initiated by Iraq dictator Saddam Hussein in September 1980 provided no gains or benefits to either country, at the end of the war in July of 1988 after 8 long years. At the conclusion of many wars throughout history, at least one party resulted in gaining territory, wealth, power, and other profits. However, in reality it is understood that no one ever wins in war due to the adverse affects among innocent humanity; exemplified by the Iraq-Iran war. The initial conflictRead MoreThe Iran Iraq War Necessary1118 Words   |  5 PagesIt was in 1980, a massive attack was headed Iran’s way, from its neighboring Middle Ea stern country Iraq. This war between the two bordering countries was nothing less than a deadly fight that did not benefit either side more than the other. Costing hundreds of thousands of lives and damages that to this day never be fixed. The question asked by many people still remains the same; was the Iran-Iraq war necessary? The war was arguably the longest and most conventional war in the twentieth century

The Fda Approval Process free essay sample

Approval Process One out of every 1000 medicine compounds that go to the lab test will go one to be tested on humans. The FDA has many phases and trials you have to go through to have a drug approved. It can take as long as twelve years to get a drug approved, and millions of dollars. The FDA approval process for drugs is very lengthy and requires significant funds to complete. The FDA was created by the Federal food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. The FDA does not test drugs, but the do a little research on the drugs (Lipsky, Sharp 362-67). Researchers have to enter applications for there new drug that are around 100,000 pages long. These applications can take up to two and half years to be reviewed. It can also take up twelve years for a drug to go from the lab to the shelf (Drugs Internet). The first thing a company does to get a drug approved is to test the drug on animals (Meyer, Robert J. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fda Approval Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page FDA’s Drug Approval Process). This process takes about three and a half years. The company will then put in a application with the FDA (Drugs Internet). When they test on animals they are testing to figure out the correct dosage. They are also figuring out how often you should take it and any short and long term effects of the new drug (â€Å"FDA Approval Process† Internet). After that they use the test data to develop a plan to test the drug on humans (Meyer, Robert J. FDA’s Drug Approval Process). After the drug application is approved by the FDA; the FDA makes the drug go through four phases of testing on humans. In the first phase the company uses twenty to eighty healthy people to establish the drug’s safety and profile. In this phase they are looking for any effects on humans and any benefits. These volunteers are watched and are separated into groups based on what happens to them during a one year period. They start separating people into groups when they were testing cancer treatment (Drugs Internet). In the next phase of the process the company pays 100 to 300 patient volunteers (Drugs Internet). This phase is important because it gathers more information about the drugs effects on a larger group of people, unlike the first phase. Also in this phase you are mostly likely going to find out if the drug fails or not. This could be because the drug’s side effects are found to be to server to benefit the human. The drug could also be found not to work as planned (â€Å"Understanding Clinical Trials† Internet). This process usually takes up to two years (Drugs Internet). In phase three of this process 1000 to 3000 patient in clinics or hospitals are watch to ensure the drugs safety. This phase is very important to companies because they test the drug on a various types of patients other then the ones the drug was made for. They also use the information they get from this test for their marketing claims. This phase is different from other phases because patients in this phase can continue to take the drug before it hits the market if it is a lifesaving treatment (â€Å"Understanding Clinical Trials† Internet). This phase is the longest out of them all; it usually takes about three years (Drugs Internet). After the third step the company has to file another application with the FDA usually around 100,000 pages long. It usually takes the FDA two and a half years to review the application (Drugs Internet). In the finally phase is known as the post marketing surveillance procedure phase. The company continues to turn in reports about their drug to continue selling it on the market. These reports help them see how the product is doing after a long period of time. These studies are usually required by the authorities who regulate the selling of pharmaceutical drugs. But the can be required by the company of sponsors the drug. The reason for this might because they want to find a new market for the drug (Lipsky, Sharp 362-67). Presently there are thousands of ongoing clinical trials. These trials involved hundreds of thousands of subjects (Meyer, Robert J. FDA’s Drug Approval Process). There are eight primary regulations of the clinical investigator. The first one is to conduct or supervise the study. Secondly they have to conduct the study according to the approved protocol or research plan. Next they have to ensure that the institutional review board (IRB) has study and reviewed it, and approve it. Also they have to make sure it is functioning according to the FDA requirements. Then they have to obtain consent from the FDA. After that they have to maintain adequate and accurate records of study observations. Next they have to administer the drug only to the subjects under the investigator’s personal supervision. They also have to report everything to the sponsor adverse experiences that occurred during the investigation. Finally they report everything to the IRB including all problems involving risks to humans or others (Meyer, Robert J. FDA’s Drug Approval Process). The approval process to get a drug approve is very long and you have to use a lot of money to get them approve. Researcher can invest up to 12. 6 billion dollars a year in new drugs. Also this figure usually doubles every five years.

Cultural Immersion free essay sample

How does your search through the literature and internet impact your expectations as you plan your group immersion activities (Part 2 of the Cultural Immersion Project)? [about 200 words] 5. In APA style, list the scholarly sources and internet/media sources that you used for this part of the immersion project. Next, you will share some of your experience in the Cultural Immersion Project Part 1 Forum. Discuss with your group some of the most interesting things you found in your reading and internet/media search. Also, describe any challenges you anticipate in the remainder of the project (Parts 2 and 3). Do not attach your paper. Students do not open attachments in Discussion Board posts. Rather, share what you found interesting in your search. Interact with at least two classmates who explored a different culture. Your thread (about 350 words) is due by 11:59 p. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Immersion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page m. (ET) on Thursday, and your replies (about 200 words each) are due by 11:59 p. m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 2. *Please note that the research you do for Part 1 amp; Part 2 are necessary for the completion of Part 3. Organize all the notes and references you have gathered thus far to enable you to easily accomplish the final part of this project. This part involves scholarly resources and internet/media resources related to the culture you will be exploring. The culture may be a different ethnicity, religion, cultural group, or have other significantly different cultural features (e. g. , the elderly in nursing homes, disabled children, disabled adults, the homeless, prisoners, etc. ). As a reminder, you cannot select a cultural group that you have had previous experience with. For example, if you’ve interacted with many Cubans previously, you cannot do the Cuban culture for your immersion project. This also applies to your cultural background. For example, if you are a White student from an Irish background, you cannot do your immersion project on the Irish culture since you will already be exploring the Irish culture as part of your cultural family background paper. No double-dipping. The culture you select must by new for you. For parts 2 and 3, you will also need to be able to participate in cultural group activities and interview a person from your selected cultural group. (See parts 2 and 3 handouts for information on those later activities). You will read 3 scholarly resources on your cultural population of interest (must be dated 2005 or later). A pertinent unassigned chapter from McGoldrick may count as one of these sources; however, the Hays and Erford text chapters may not count as a source. You must also use the internet or media to examine at least 3 significant media resources related to the culture. For example, on the internet, you may find the following culturally useful and prominent types of sources: * online newspapers from the country * internet radio broadcasts * music of the country/group * movies or videos * culturally-specific online magazines or websites * organizations You will answer the questions below. This is not a paper. There is no need for a title page, abstract, citations, or a reference page. First person may be used in your answers. A rough word estimate is beside each question. The quality of your answer is more important than the

Truman S Harry Essays - Presidency Of Harry S. Truman,

Truman S Harry Truman was a simple honest man. His impact on world history however was much more than simple. In his life he would take part in both world wars and serve two terms in office as president. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, on May 8, 1884. His full name was Harry S. Truman. The S did not stand for anything but was put there to appease his two relatives who's names started with s. He was the eldest of three children with a younger brother Vivian, and a younger sister Mary Jane. His parents were not rich but his mother, Martha Ellen Young Truman, always found that money was there for piano lessons or books. Truman moved to Independence when he was six. He went to the Presbyterian Church and attended Sunday school (he met his future wife Elizabeth Wallace here). Truman began school at eight years of age. His two passions, reading and music, helped him gain a strong education and high grades. His large glasses and vast knowledge also alienated himself from other children. After graduating in 1901, his future was unclear. His poor eyesight barred him from military service and his families financial situation would not allow him to go on to college. Truman worked as a time keeper for thirty five dollars per month at Sante Fe Railroad. He still read up on histories and encyclopedias when he could find the time. He moved to Kansas City and worked as a clerk for the Kansas City Star, he then began work at the National Bank of Commerce and finally the Union National Bank's book keeper. He returned home in 1906 after his grandfathers death. The family had inherited a farm in Grandview Missouri and for ten years Truman worked and became quite a successful farmer. He had his first small taste of politics when he joined the local democratic party organization, run by Mike Penergast. He was made Grandview Postmaster. Truman invested some money in Lead mines and then oil fields. He sold his stocks and enlisted in the United states army in 1917. Truman trained in Oklahoma, at a military base called Fort Sill. He became a recruiter in Missouri and the Missouri Second Field Artillery elected him first lieutenant. He sailed for France in march 30, 1918. He was made captain of Battery D (nick named Dizzy D), tamed their rowdy ways and lead them to glory in the battles of Saint-Miheal and Argonne. Truman finished the war a Major and returned home in April of 1919. Truman married Elizabeth Wallace on June 28, 1919. Truman opened a clothing store for men with his friend Eddie Jacobson in Kansas City. The store was quite successful and many of the veterans of the Dizzy D's were repeat customers. The store lost money when farm prices dropped in 1920 and finally shut down in the winter of 1922. Truman however paid his debts and never declared bankruptcy. Truman looked for help in his old acquaintance Pendergast. He was entered in a four way democratic primary for a judgeship in eastern Jackson County. One of his opponents was backed by the kkk. Truman was asked to join, however, he rejected their racial attitudes towards blacks, and religious hatreds to the Jews and Catholics. Pendergast withdrew the entrance money. Truman did however run, his war record and previous work and Missouri were the basis of his campaign. He was successful in the primary and was sworn in on January 1923. This was his first public office position. His duties as county judge left him with a one million dollar debt and roads and buildings to be maintained. In his two year term he lowered the debt by 600,000 dollars and helped to improve the roads. In 1926 Truman was made court judge. He quickly exposed and fired many of Pendergast's corrupt members and cleaning the corrupt political machine. He appointed independent commissions to look into roads and buildings, secured low interest loans, hand picked the architect to rebuild the court house and hired respectable workers. He received a second term as the county judge. The son of the now late Mike Pendergast, Tom, asked Truman to run for the senate in 1935. Truman came to power playing on the popular New Deal. He was sworn in as Junior senator of Missouri on January 3, 1935. In the Senate, Truman was not trusted for his dealings with Tom Pendergast. The white house was uncovering the Pendergast

Social Media Platforms Effects on Social identity

Social Media Platforms Effects on Social identity Social media platforms over the internet have potentially profound effects on the creation of social identity of modern generation. Identity refers to a socially constructed attribute of self-concept as it is represented to the outside world. The formation or construction of identity is a unique practice in everybody’s life, since it is one of the ways through which we can find our place in our cultures and among other people.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Media Platforms Effects on Social identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it would be observed, the transformation of this important social concept in the contemporary world is being conducted in new and even more global approaches. In this era of internet technology, humans are becoming accustomed to using various social media websites daily, where they spend a great deal of time talking about themselves, the people they know, and the ir interests, among other significant aspects of their lives. The social media, whose reach and influence is global, is one of the most common avenues that are used to shape and enhance the concept of identity nowadays. This paper examines the ways through which we can use mobile and internet technologies to create our identities. There is no doubt that social media has afforded people an important opportunity to establish a visible, strong record of themselves through interactive digital platforms (Rettberg 2009). This popular trend of technology is not only offering the very tools that are needed to construct our identities, but it also provides a basis upon which representations about ourselves can be promoted. Social identify formation happens while people are busy establishing new communities around themselves over the internet, exchanging different aspects of their lives with one another and forming a visible profile of themselves for anyone to see. This self disclosure throug h personal web pages plays a significant role in identity formation. Knowingly or sometimes even unknowingly, we tend to give representations about ourselves through our activities in social networking websites. This mainly happens through our time to time conversations with other people in social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Social media offers a wonderful archiving of our personal information as it is posted in our personal web pages, thus making it easy for anyone to read it and get to know our identities.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When we decide to join Facebook, Tumblr, LinkedIn, Twitter, and MySpace among other social networking sites, we begin by filling out our profiles to give other people an overview of who we are. Some of the personal details filled in those templates include, but are not limited to, names, gender, age, residence, and national identities. Some sites may also require us to give our hobbies and interests, among other things. All these information diversify our opportunities of connecting to larger cultural templates. This is the data primarily used to tell our stories to the outside world through the social networking websites mentioned above. The templates in the social networking sites that usually begin with a virtual blank page continue to get filled with everything that interests not just us, but other people as well. These contents can include things such as photos and their descriptions, our current moods, our favorite activities, and status feeds, among other things that may be of significant meaning to our lives. The best thing about many social networking websites is that user privacy and security have been ensured, and people can use different features on the platforms to control the operations of their personal web pages (Livingstone 2008). In this regard, not everything that we fill in our social media profiles is visible to other people. Facebook, which has rapidly emerged as the most expeditious means of social communication in the contemporary world, serves as a perfect example of how social media helps to create and shape our identities. Because of its popularity and social prestige across the world, Facebook is arguably the most preferred social media channel. This global reputation can be confirmed by the fact that, Facebook is the social site with the biggest number of users in the world today. After filling up the templates of our Facebook accounts with implicit and explicit information about ourselves, we sit back and wait for other people to comment on the contents. Stories and images posted on social media platforms are likely to attract all types of reactions from the people who read them. In some cases, posts may be ignored and passed around, but this depends on the nature of the posts and the information or message they portray.Adver tising We will write a custom research paper sample on Social Media Platforms Effects on Social identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from posting images and stories on our social media pages for others to read and respond to with relevant feedback, people can also use the platforms to chat with one another directly, either through messaging or live video chatting. The kind of feedback we get on social media sites is a crucial element that is necessary in helping us determine how we are faring as far as self exploration is concerned. While some people, especially those who know us better, may give positive and interesting responses to our wall postings, others will tend to criticise them in an outright manner. No matter the kind of responses we get on our posts, they play a significant role in helping us understand what other people think of the way we have told our stories through the social media. This, however, helps us to make better decisions on the improvements that we might need to make regarding the way we represent ourselves through social networking sites. For example, every positive feedback on the stories I post on my Facebook wall helps me to realise that I am not alone in my concealed interest. This actually gives me confidence to reveal more about myself and the interest to expand my social boundaries by joining more online social communities. Exposure and disclosure are two significant aspects that would tend to have a serious impact on the way we use social media to represent ourselves. Social media exposes us all to the public, irrespective of who we are. Even though young users of the social media are focused mainly on self representation where they intend to give the best impressions about themselves, it is surprising to discover that many just end up tarnishing their real identities unknowingly. As it would be observed, some social networking sites have kept their user age-restric tion levels very low, thus making it easy for minors to join the sites, without even having a better understanding of what the social media entails. A good example here is the Facebook, Inc. which has declared thirteen years as the acceptable minimal age one should have attained in order to possess and manage a Facebook account.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This does not only expose minors to the many dangers of the digital world, but it also offers an opportunity through which they can misrepresent their true identities unknowingly. Many people, especially the minors, don’t have a perfect understanding of what social media can do to their identities, and for that reason, they end up exposing themselves in bad ways. Sometimes, we don’t have the slightest idea of how our actions in social media platforms can affect our identities, and this ends up giving the wrong picture of ourselves. For instance, let us take the idea of ‘Liking’ as it applies on Facebook. Many Facebook users don’t know that there is more than just showing other people that you are impressed by their stories, images, or even ads by liking them (Zhao, Grasmuck, Martin 2008). However, the truth of the matter here is that, by liking somebody’s post, you become part of their social media identity as far as that post is concerned. This has the meaning that, you will be tying yourself to that person or whatever they have posted that you have liked in a more public way. This can give a wrong impression on someone’s identity, especially if what they have liked entails a distasteful message or a set of values that they would not want to share in. In this regard, it is always important for people to try to understand what something really means before they click that button to express their feelings about it. This ensures that we stay safe as far as social identity formation is concerned. Online self-presentations can have serious implications on our identities and that’s why we should always think twice before we post things about our lives on social media (Thompson 2013). This is very important considering the digital memory associated with the social media. As a matter of fact, identity construction through social media is a process of deterrent memory-formation. The activities involved in online identity formation are conducted and exchanged in the nature of digital technology. This has the meaning that the images and stories we post on social media can be circulated very fast on the internet, even after we have removed them. The way we represent ourselves on social media speaks a lot about our real personalities, thus making it easy for other people to understand us better. There is no doubt that many of the most successful individuals and organisations in the world have achieved their glory through internet technologies, particularly the social media. A good example here is President Barack Obama, who had successfully used social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter to communicate his presidential bid to the American people in 2008. This tactic is also being applied by brilliant marketers who use popular social networking sites to establish identities for their brands. As a matter of fact, social media is a very powerful tool that can be used for identity formatio n. With today’s advancements in digital technology, we can easily create and maintain good identities of ourselves. However, just as it can it be used to present our true identities, social media can also misrepresent us if used in the wrong way. In this regard, it is advisable for people to use social media wisely so as to benefit from it as far as construction of identity is concerned. In situations where individuals and organisations are seeking recognition and attention, social media is a powerful tool whose effectiveness can never be overestimated as it has been shown in this paper. Reference List Livingstone, S 2008, ‘Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression’, New Media Society, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 393-411. Rettberg, J 2009, ‘Freshly Generated for You, and Barack Obama: How Social Media Represent Your Life’, European Journal of Communication, vol . 2009, no. 209, pp. 451-455. Thompson, J 2013, Media and modernity: A social theory of the media, John Wiley Sons, New York. Zhao, S, Grasmuck, S Martin, J 2008, ‘Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships’, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 181-185.

Quality Problems in Service Businesses Case Study

Quality Problems in Service Businesses - Case Study Example Also, Canadian consumers are fully aware that their country is developing (Button & Stough, 2000). The hub of Canada’s economy lays mainly in raw materials export. This is a major contributing factor to the travel industry, since because of this factor alone, Canada has a vast transportation system which comprises of more than 1,400,000 kilometers (870,000Â  mi) of roads, 10 major international airports spread across the major cities , 300 smaller airports in towns, 72,093Â  km (44,797Â  mi) of fully functioning railway track, and more than 300 commercial ports and harbors surrounding its vast ocean line, enabling travelers to access destinations in the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Approximately, 4.2% of Canadas GDP comes from the transport sector, while oil and gas contribute about 3.7% of the GDP. Travelers are also comfortable because Transport Canada oversees and regulates aspects of transport in Canada, while TICO makes sure that they reach their travel destinations well and assured of security. All these facts and statistics clearly indicate that Canada is fully capable of offering exceptional high quality service in the travel industry, since they have all what they need. This is what the Canadian consumers see as pure potential for quality service delivery in the travel industry (Grewe et al., 2001). If a discrepancy exists between the quality expected of consumers and the service provided by air carriers, this discrepancy can best be resolved without adversely affecting the Canadian economy, by letting the necessary bodies mandated by the authorities to handle the problem, like TICO. Having a customer service call in number and email on plain sight from the customers can really help. This will hasten the client response, since there will be personnel readily available to answer the customers call, review their complaint, and respond accordingly with immediate effect. There will be security personnel on ground,

A death of princess (Misha'al bint Fahd al Saud) Research Paper

A death of princess (Misha'al bint Fahd al Saud) - Research Paper Example There is no denying the fact that one major reason for which people would want to travel from one place to the other is to have a feel of the diversity in culture that exits in different parts of the world. But as much as cultural differences give different people of this world unique identities and personalities, there are cases that some cultural practices practiced in certain places of the world have come up for very sharp global and universal debate and discussion (Brown, 2008). Such debates and discussions are most common about cultural practices that touch on themes of gender, class, race, and ability. In this essay, there is critical review of the case of Misha’al bint Fahd al Saud from a cultural and religious perspective, while discussing how various forms of privilege become evident in her story. This is done with the use of the docu-drama story of â€Å"Death of a Princess†, which gives a secondary account of the execution of the princess on the accusation of adultery. The essay shall be addressed from an argumentative perspective, seeking to weigh all sides of prevailing issues as gender, class, race, ability, the reaction of the media, use of privilege. A conclusion shall then be drawn on the side or opinion held by the writer on both sides of the arguments to either justify or condemn various acts that took place. Interlocking themes of social justice Gender During the setting of the event, which was in the 1970s, issues of gender discrimination and gender suppression, especially against the female gender had gone on against most Islamic nations and for that matter, Saudi Arabia. The commonest forms of discrimination and suppression that females suffered are recorded to include in issues of education and selection of a life partner (Smillie, 2009). Some secondary sources have actually debated that the fact that Princess Misha’al bint Fahd al Saud had her education in Lebanon could be attributable to the opposition that she cou ld have faced if she took her education in Saudi Arabia (LittleJohn and Foss, 2008). Argumentatively however, the question of justification in some of these practices that are considered as abuse of the personality of the female gender has been raised in other debates. For example the preservation of chastity and the impact that it has on the moral fiber of the people has been raised. It would be noted that even though education was not totally absent, there were laws that forbad the education of boys and girls in the same classroom setting. Such practices have been said to champion the quest to minimize the natural and biological bond that exists between males and females, especially when they become adolescents. This debate notwithstanding, there is another school of thought that believes that gender related laws in Saudi Arabia is biased against females and this is where the problem is. For the princess, it has been argued that her freedom to make choices of whom she wanted to be with was greatly abused when the royal family attempted to impose a man on her. Class Throughout primary and secondary sources for the story of Pincess Misha’al bint Fahd, the issue of class and how it was used have been questioned and debated. First and foremost, there are researchers who hold the opinion that the king’s action might not have gotten to the extent it did if the Princess was from any ordinary family, and for that matter, a low class family (Jacobsen, 2008). This is because according to such reviewers, the princess’s grandfather, who ordered her execution, took particular interest in the case following the level of shame and

Home and Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home and Family - Essay Example Most of these parents are more concerned with their own lives than their children. In â€Å"After Making Love We Hear Footsteps†, the loving nature of a parent can be observed. After two parents make love their little boy always ran to sleep in between them. Instead of throwing the child out of their bed, the parents welcome him with open arms: These parents show their child love by accepting them into their very private bed. This child is the center of the universe for his parents. Unlike other examples that will be later given, this child will grow up to be confident and well adjusted. As will be presented, this situation is a very unique and rare example. â€Å"Orthello† shows one typical view of the parent/child relationship. Brabantio treats his daughter, Desdemona, like his personal property. Desdemona means as much to Brabantio as his gold. The following passage shows this emotion: Brabantio only cared about what Desdemona could do for him by marrying rich, than treating her lovingly. Desdemona was definitely on Brabantio’s peripheral vision, until she messed up his plans by marrying Orthello. other. After the father is laid off, he takes joy in others’ misfortune. Whenever a fire truck can be heard, the father takes is family out to watch the fires. The child only knows that he receives attention by his otherwise occupied father. He tells: Despite the suffering of the family whose house burned, the father feels justified because at least he still has a house. The child is ripped out of bed to see his father’s sick obsession. The parent is passing down his own issues to the child. The father could have easily gone to the fires alone. It would have been faster than taking a wife and five children along. The father wanted an audience, just like the wife went to keep peace. That is what the wife wanted to accomplish; peace. She felt

Students Performance In Rural And Urban Areas Education Essay

Students Performance In Rural And Urban Areas Education Essay Nowadays, education is the most important aspect in society development. School has to play a major role in ensuring the successful of the development. As for students, they need to have good skills and have to be proactive with an appropriate futuristic set of mind. Besides that, students are also need to be active in co curriculum activity along with high academic achievement. The learning environments also have major roles to play in learning and the area where the students lives can determine their performance in their studies. Reasons for the variations in achievement are geographic location, resources, availability of technology and also the quality of teachers. These studies want to investigate the differences between students performance in rural and urban areas. This purpose is to determine whether learning environment or living area is one of the factors that contribute to their low performance. Students performance is their achievements in their studies whether they have l ow or high performance. Urban area relates to the area that are surrounding by cities and it is well populated areas compared to rural area which is sparsely populated areas and it usually farmland or country areas. The learning environments also have major roles to play in learning not only of social studies but of other disciplines in the school curriculum Topic of Interest: The Differences between Students Performance in Rural and Urban Areas Purpose of study: 1) To investigate the differences between students performances in rural and urban areas. 2) To discuss the factors of low performance among students in rural area. 3) To find ways to address the achievement gap differences between rural and urban students. DISCUSSION THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS Recent educational research has examined rural and urban differences in their achievement. Many educators, researchers, legislators and the general public believe that students from rural schools mostly receive an education that is inferior compared to the students that live in urban areas. Students background also impact on their performance where we can see that many of the students that lives in rural areas has low academic achievement when we compared it with the students that lives in urban areas. There are many factors that cause to the gap performance between students in rural and urban areas. Students in urban schools get many excess compared to students in rural schools. The National Education Association said that the low performing youth are in public rural schools (Brown Swanson, 2001). The excellent performance of urban students is because of their better quality in their education, availability of the information that they get from various sources like mass media and electronic media, their educated families and peers groups which help them for better performance. They have many advantages and facilities in their education compared to rural students. Students in rural areas less exposed to the outside world and also lack of knowledge about the currents issues that happen. Education is proving to be effective instrument that can raise students self-belief, forethought, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Students that lives in undeveloped village must try to attain the best education for them and do not make their living environment as one of the factors that be a barrier in their success. We also can see that students in rural areas are much less likely to earn a college degree than students of urban areas. The disparity is highest in rural areas where only 8 percent of rural residents over age 25 have a college degree, compared with 16 percent of the residents in urban areas (U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1999). So from these, we can clarify that, there is a gap of performance between students that live in rural and urban areas due to some factors. FACTORS OF LOW PERFORMANCE AMONG STUDENTS IN RURAL AREAS There are many factors that contribute to the differences of performance between students in rural and urban areas. Family Factor At the rural areas, family is one of the factors that determine their child performance. In this study, students in rural areas have low performance compared to students in urban areas because it is relate to their parents education. Majority of parents in rural areas are less educated than parents in urban areas. The family background is the most important and weighty factor in determining the academic performance of learners (Adell, 2002: 91). Survey found that, rural students felt no pressure to attain good performance when their parents expectations towards education were low. Parental encouragement has a positive influence towards their child performance and at rural areas most of parents did not care about their child academic performance. Some experts believe that parent expectations is the most influential factor affecting youth decisions to pursue education (Esterman Hedlund, 1995; Smith, Beaulieu, Seraphine, 1995). Low Socio-economic Factor The students background relate to the low socioeconomic factor of their family also one of the factor that effect their performance in education. Most of the students that live in rural areas come from low income family. Their parents cannot provide them enough educational resources at home. Compared to students at urban areas, the majority of them come from high income families and their parents are afford to sent them to their tuition classes in order to get better performance. Urban students also can buy additional books for their references while for the rural students, they non-exposure to educational resources and it will affect their performance compared to those who have access to such resources. Students who have access to more resources are advantage compared to those from poor families because they can know more about the latest developments around them thus can assist them to improve their performance at schools. Lack of Facilities and Resources Education promotes human capital as an asset that has greater or lower rates of return depend on the quality of education that is provided. Some of the factors that contributing to the poor performance are lack or resources and poor facilities in most schools especially in rural areas. Some of schools in rural areas are dilapidated compared to those in urban areas. The problem regarding unequal distribution of resources between provinces, rural and urban areas are still intact (Motala Pampalis, 2001:56). Several schools in rural areas do not have laboratories and this situation means that students learn science by rote learning. Facilities are important in order to make the teaching and learning process more effective. Students that live in rural areas will less expose to the using of technology because the facilities that were provided for them are not sufficient. This will make their learning process will be less effective and they will have less knowledge about current issues as well as how to use technology. Students in urban areas have many advantages in their learning process and with the advent of technology it will make easier for their study. They will more understanding with their learning with the facilities provided. Less Qualified Teachers Teacher is the important role in order to create good performance students. Most of the teacher did not want to posting in rural area because they think it will bring difficulty to them. So, the majority of teachers that were sent to the rural areas are the new teachers that have less experience in teaching. Awoniyi (1981) remarked that there is a direct relationship between the quality of teaching personnel and the quality of education process. Most of them did not master the teaching technique yet because they are still new in teaching area. When we compared to students in urban areas they usually have a teachers that have good communications skills in English. Most of teachers compete for placement in urban schools. So, rural school will have inadequate teacher and it will make their learning progress disturbed and not running properly. WAYS TO ADDRESS THE ACHIEVEMENT GAP DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS In order to overcome the differences performance between students in rural and urban areas, several ways should be taken. The Role of Government Government has to play a role in improving educational outcomes for rural students. Government should provide enough facilities to the schools that located in rural areas same as the urban schools. Besides that, government also must provide a financial support to the students that lives in rural areas where we know that most of them come from low income families and not affordable to gain a better education and services. Facilities that were provided must be fair and equal treatment should be given to rural schools same like urban schools. In addition, best educators also should be placed in rural schools because they can help students to improve their performance. Good teachers will produce good students. Most important is government should ensure that teachers are adequately qualified to teach the subject that allocated for them and they can do their work properly. Education department also should visit all schools to establish and verify their needs to ensure that resources are al located in line with their needs and status. Role of Parents While the teachers play their role at school, parents should play their roles at home. Although parents in rural areas have no education, they can help their children performance in terms of giving them moral supports and motivation to learn. Even they cannot help in terms of provide resources to learn, they can give a support to their child to study hard to change the fate of their family. Parents should realize how important of education to their child and their future. Parents can always ask their child about their learning progress and accompanied them during doing their work. They also must always care about their child performance and monitor their progress. The Role of Teachers The teacher is an important force in school learning. Teachers also one of the sources that can help in overcomes the problem of low performance among rural students. Teachers can help in encouraging the students to study hard and help them to complete most of their work at school during study time, where students can ask teachers if they do not understand about the lesson. If they are doing work at home, nobody can help them since their parents might not be able to assist because most of parents in rural areas have less education. Teachers should encourage their students to participate in many activities because it will give them the opportunity to build their self-confident and positive self-esteem. Besides that, teacher also can create a caring and supportive environment where students will feel more comfortable during their learning. Good relationship between students and teacher also good in order to improve students performance where when teachers are close with the students, s tudents will feel easy and not shy to ask anything that they do not understand. The Role as a Student The students itself should realize the importance of education in their future lives. If they want a better life in the future they must study hard to get a good performance. Usually students at rural area does not care about their education and most of them dropout from schooling. This is because they do not have motivation in their study and their parents also did not care about their performance. So in order to overcome the gap performance between students in rural and urban areas, rural students should set their mind that education is important to change their lives. When they have a mindset that education is important, they will study hard in order to get a good achievement. CONCLUSION The study presented the differences of performances between students in rural and urban areas. Rural and urban schools are characterized by its unique strength and weaknesses. Rural and urban schools are much the same when it comes to resources and learning environments (EQR, 2003, p.45). Yet there are many variables that affect students achievement and those variables are directly related to whether a school is considered a rural or an urban school. Some factors that contribute to the gap performances between students in these two areas were determined and also recommendations in order to overcome this problem were suggested. Although some recommendations have been highlighted, solutions might not be easy for them. The suggestions for improving the performance among rural students is that they must understand their environment properly, and maintain their inner resources like self-efficacy and self-esteem. From this study we can conclude that, there have differences between students performance in rural and urban schools. Students that lives in urban area will get high performance excel opportunities provided by their location. Urban students have greater access to many resources and therefore have opportunities that are not easily accessible to rural students. Besides that urban parents were more professional and they realize the advantage of education. Parents of rural students were less likely to expect their children to advance their education. From the comparison of this study we can know what the differences between rural and urban schools are.

Beowulf: The History of Grendel :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Grendel was the embodiment of all that was evil and dark. Before Grendel was a monster, his name was Lednerg. He was described as a monster, demon, and a fiend. Terrible events occurred to Grendel to transform him into a horrible monster. Lednerg had a very weird childhood. He did not have any siblings. Throughout his childhood, Lednerg endured many insults directed to him and his family. His parents were also second cousins. He was always the last to finish his homework. During his early years, sports were not very kind to Lednerg. His only friend was Adolf. Adolf was extremely smart, and he was blessed with great sporting abilities. Whenever Lednerg was in a pensive mood, Adolf always brought joy to him. Lednerg’s education ended when his mom got in a verbal assault with the school president. With lack of sufficient education, Lednerg made many stupid decisions in his life. Since Lednerg did not attend school anymore, his parents forced him to get a job. Lednerg worked for Natas, who owned a football team, as a water boy. All the football players made fun of everything that Lednerg did at work. In the beginning, Lednerg did not get discouraged; in fact, Lednerg worked extra hard to make sure the water was at perfect temperature for drinking. Unfortunately, one of the players made fun of Lednerg’s mom. Something in Lednerg’s mind went off, and he tackled the player with all his strength. Natas saw Lednerg’s potential; however, he knew he needed to have full control of Lednerg. Natas separated Lednerg from his family by killing all his relatives. Natas told Lednerg that he needed to be angrier to be a better football player. During one of the football games, Lednerg hit the opponent in the head after the play was over. After staying a few days in the Intensive Care Unit, he died. Lednerg felt very upset at what he had done, but Natas told him that it was not his fault. At this time, Adolf was also on the football team. Natas told Lednerg that if by some chance Adolf was hurt, then all the glory would be his. The next day, Adolf was found dead. Lednerg had so many thoughts going through his head about everything he had done.

Financial Statement Review

Financial Statement Review University of Phoenix ACC/561 Financial Statement Review Introduction Financial statements play a significant role in each and every type of business. The financial statements provide a wealth of information to auditors, creditors, investors, suppliers and other important venues that need access to this type of information. This paper will discuss four different types of financial statements and how they are utilized by vendors, creditors and others. The four financial statements that will be reviewed are the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statements and statement of retained earnings.Income Statement Beginning with the income statement, the information provided includes the amount of revenue that the company earns over a certain period of time. The period of time is usually a year or some a portion of a year. An income statement reveals the net worth or loss of a company reporting on the costs and expenses associated with the revenue earnings. Balance Sheet The balance sheet is a snapshot which examines the business. This statement records assets, liabilities and the equity of a company at a particular point in time.The equation used for the balance sheet is assets = liabilities + shareholdersequity. Assets are those things that the company actually owns or controls. The liabilities are represented by the debt or financing that was taken out to acquire those assets. Equity is that money that has been provided by people or stockholders to keep the business afloat. Statement of Cash Flows The statement of cash flows statements reports over a period of time and covers cash inflows and outflows. Generally the statement of cash flows refers to the day to day operations or operating cash flows, cash from investing and cash from financing.It is difficult for a company to manipulate the cash flow and therefore is a very important financial statement. Statement of Retained Earnings The statement of retained earnings reports on cha nges in retained earnings for a specific period. The statement of retained earnings reconciles the beginning and ending retained earnings for that period and will include net income from other statements. It is an inclusion to either the balance sheet or the income statement and not a stand-alone financial statement. Importance of Financial Statements Financial statements have a significant impact on the successfulness of a company.Depending on whether you’re an investor, creditor or manager, the information that is most crucial will depend on who you are. An investor is concerned with the bottom line and the overall value and growth of a company. A company’s earnings and revenue can be compared to the stock price. As an investor the balance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flows is important. Investors will review the information and determine if the company overcame any obstacles and if there is still room for growth. They will also review the net income / loss and the history over previous years to determine any growth or potential for growth.As a creditor, information that is important is the current amount of debt and the amount of cash that is available to pay back that debt. The statement that would be most beneficial would be the balance sheet. The balance sheet contains all of the assets to include cash and cash equivalents and current liabilities as well. It is important to know the current ratio for a creditor to determine the worthiness of the company and the ability to pay both short term and long term debts. A manager is going to be concerned with all statements.When questions are asked by investors and creditors it usually falls back on the manager. It is important for a manager to know the financial position of an organization as it relates to them. Conclusion It is clear that all financial statements play an important role within an organization. The information needed is dependent on who is reviewing the information . The information needs to be reported accurately and efficiently and will cover a specific point in time or a certain period. References Kimmel, Paul D. (2009) Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making (3rd ed). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Genetic Predermination in the Movie Gattaca essays

Genetic Predermination in the Movie Gattaca essays The film Gattaca explores the possibility of genetic predetermination in humans. It may create social and cultural advantages and help humans achieve lifelong goals. However, there are more negative effects of genetic predetermination than positive. Genetically predetermined humans are separated from society and suffer from perfection. They conform to perfection and lose their individuality. The force of human will is a way in determining a person's fate rather than their genetic predisposition. There are ways to fulfill goals in life other than genetic predetermination. Genetically predetermined humans were seen in the film Gattaca. The film was centered on a man named Vincent. He was conceived without technology and was born with deficiencies. On the other hand, Anton, Vincent's brother, was genetically superior. Vincent faced genetic discrimination and prejudice. He also had a lifelong dream of becoming an astronaut. The only way Vincent thought he would be able to achieve his dream was to impersonate a "valid" person to gain a genetic advantage. Then Vincent assumed the identity of Jerome Morrow, a former swimming star. He had a genetic makeup that was second to none. Jerome helped Vincent to change his identity by giving him blood, urine samples, and other things to help him to pass any genetic test. The genetic makeup of Jerome helped Vincent achieve his goal. Genetic predetermination can create tremendous advantages for humans. It can help some humans to achieve lifelong goals. They can be awarded jobs in which they would normally not be able to have. It can eliminate the flaws in humans that they are naturally born with. Genetic predetermination can help create the perfect person. These are some positive effects it can have, but there are more negative effects. People who are genetically predetermined are not meant for the world. They are not real and are separated from society. One reference made in the film about them ...

Planting, Growing, and Marketing Royal Paulownia

Planting, Growing, and Marketing Royal Paulownia Paulownia tomentosa has had marvelous press on the Internet. Several Australian and United States companies make claims of extraordinary growth, unbelievable wood values, and magnificent beauty. Paulownia, they write, can shade an area in record time, resist insects, feed livestock, and improve the soil component - and in some ways this is correct. But is this just hype or is the plant truly a supertree Let me introduce you to Royal Paulownia and you just might rethink the abilities given to the tree by producers. Empress Tree - Mythology vs. Facts You can tell this tree is very special right away, from just its name. The plants pedigree and regal names include Empress Tree, Kiri Tree, Sapphire Princess, Royal Paulownia, Princess Tree, and Kawakami. The surrounding mythology abounds and many cultures can claim title to embellishing the plants many legends. Many cultures love and embrace the tree which in turn promoted its worldwide popularity.  The Chinese were the first to establish a much-practiced tradition that included the tree. An oriental Paulownia is planted when a daughter is born. When she marries, the tree is harvested to create a musical instrument, clogs or fine furniture; they then live happily ever after. Even today, it is a valued wood in the orient and top dollar is paid for its procurement and used for many products. A Russian legend has it that the tree was named Royal Paulownia in honor of Princess Anna Pavlovnia, daughter of Russias Czar Paul I. Its name Princess or Empress tree was an endearment to a nations rulers. In the United States, many of these trees have been planted for wood production  but naturalized wild stands grow along the Eastern Seaboard and through the mid-western states. Paulownias range is said to have expanded because of the seed pods used in packing shipped cargo from China early in the last century. Containers were emptied, winds scattered, the tiny seeds and a fast paulownia forest developed. The tree has been in America since introduction during the mid-1800s. It was first discovered as a profitable tree in the 1970s by a Japanese timber buyer and the wood was purchased at attractive prices. This sparked a multimillion-dollar export market for the wood. One log is said to have sold for $20,000 US dollars. That enthusiasm has mostly run its course. One thing to remember is, the wood is totally ignored by domestic timber companies in the United States and speaks volumes about its economic potential, at least to me. But utilization studies by several universities including Tennessee, Kentucky, Maryland, and Virginia suggests the potential  for a favorable future market. Should You Plant Royal Paulownia? There are some compelling reasons to plant Paulownia. The tree has some of the best soil, water, and nutrient retaining properties. It can be made into forest products. At first blush, it makes sense to plant Paulownia, watch it grow, improve the environment, and make a fortune at the end of ten to twelve years. But is it really that simple? Here are the attractive reasons for growing the tree: Paulownia is a light, air curable wood, that does not warp, twist, or crack. The tree is fire resistant and water repellent. These are very good wood qualities and the tree has all of these. Paulownia can be sold for pulp, paper, poles, construction material, plywood, and furniture and at top dollar. You still have to be lucky enough to be growing the trees in an area with a good market. Paulownia can be commercially harvested in five to seven years. This is true but only for some products made by companies that may or may not be buying at any given time. Paulownia is a beautiful tree and is easily propagated from root cuttings. But it can also become a problem in the landscape because of its messy habits. Paulownia is nitrogen rich and makes an excellent livestock fodder and soil amending mulching material.   If all of these statements are true, and for the most part they are, you would be doing yourself a favor to plant the tree. It would, in fact, be a great idea to plant the tree on a good site. Great for the environment, great for shade, great for soil, great for water quality and great for a beautiful landscape. But is it economically sound to plant Paulownia over large areas? Are Paulownia Plantations Economically Practical? A recent discussion on a favorite forestry forum was are Paulownia plantations economic? Gordon J. Esplin writes promoters of Paulownia plantations are claiming incredible growth (4 years to 60, 16 at breast height) and value (eg $800/cubic meter) for Paulownia trees. This seems to be too good to be true. Are there any independent, scientific studies on the species? James Lawrence of Toad Gully Growers, a Paulownia propagation company in Australia sums it up completely. There has, unfortunately, been much over-hyped promotion of Paulownia. It is true, however, that under the right conditions, Paulownia produces valuable timber in a shorter time frame... Lawrence goes on to say that it usually takes from 10 to 12 years to achieve a size economical to mill and is not construction strong enough to be used as building material. It is most likely to find its place in moldings, doors, window frames, veneers, and furniture. He further says that trees in the cooler regions of Australia may be more slowly grown and consequently of higher timber quality - close growth rings are desired for furniture - than those grown in warmer climates; however, the higher rate of crop rotation in the warmer zones should compensate for any lower returns per m3. Lawrence just indicated, at least to me, that we need to take a deep breath and grow the tree slower for optimum quality. And what about a little thing called market? Remembering that the top three things that affect the value of any real property are location, location, location, I would suggest that the top three things that affect the value of standing timber price are markets, markets, markets. Paulownia is no different from any other tree in this regard and you need to find a market before planting and I have found no support for a market on the Internet. The literature suggests that the present US market is extremely under-developed in Paulownia and one source actually suggested that there is no present market. The future of this tree depends on a future market. I did run across a credible reference to price. Mississippi State University indicates in a report on Unique Species and Uses that Paulownia logs have been found growing in the Mississippi Delta and south along the Mississippi River. Paulonia logs have been in high demand in Japan and bring excellent prices (my emphasis) to landowners in Mississippi. I have yet to find that buying source. Also, there are risks associated with any tree planting venture. Paulownia is no different. It is sensitive to drought, root rot, and diseases. There is also the economic risk of producing a tree with little future economic value.

The Importance of Military Bearing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Importance of Military Bearing - Essay Example Whether in the darkness of war trenches or in the comfort of their offices in the barracks, military personnel are expected to exhibit a high level of professionalism. Therefore, the capability of demonstrating military bearing is independent of the sites of operation: it is a demonstration of the military tactfulness, which is a direct opposite of the civilian sloppiness. In fact, many military officers today decided to join the Armed Forces because of the spruce appearance of the military personnel. (a) Self-dignity: The beauty of military bearing is in the ability to carry oneself with dignity. The military personnel are often encouraged to stand tall: they should maintain a realistic air of self-importance around themselves. The extent of self-dignity depends on the ranks of individual officers. To display this enviable self-dignity, the military personnel are taught to assume certain kinds of postures, like standing straight with the back upright like a ramrod and looking straight into the eyes of their interlocutors. Some officers have taken this self-importance farther than that: one could perceive self-dignity in their gaits as they walk from one place to another: The higher the rank the bigger the swagger or faster the sprightly gait. (b) Physical Appearance: One of the amazing things about the military is the immaculate appearance that military personnel command. You could see their uniforms properly ironed and neat. Even the way they put on these uniforms depict professionalism that seems to make people dizzy about whether soldiers truly spend hours to get their uniforms prepared. Although, it isn’t the uniform itself that matters, the way it is worn: military personnel have different ranks, and each rank has the befitting official uniform that stipulates the appropriate level of authority as reflected by the officers’ epaulettes, badges, caps or berets, and other military paraphernalia. A military officer is expected to be neat, spruce, brisk, and articulate in fashion.  Ã‚  

Schools of Thoughts in International Relation Theory Term Paper

Schools of Thoughts in International Relation Theory - Term Paper Example While talking about realism, we must also talk about that kind of an issue which can be appropriately explained by the realism school of thought. The issue which we are talking about is the Iranian nuclear programme. Let’s discuss the issue of the Iranian nuclear programme in detail while keeping in mind the aspect of realism. Iran has started to work on the nuclear programme in the 1950s by saying that its basic purpose will be to overcome the shortage of electricity and atoms for peace programme. In the start of this nuclear programme, the United States of America also provided great help to Iran for the purpose of being a part of atoms for peace programme. That support, appreciation, and motivation were not only from the United States of America but also from another western world. It lasted till the Iranian revolution in 1979.After 1979, the Iranian government started to work on the nuclear programme with less support and assistance in the western world. Several misconceptions began to arise due to this act of the Iranian government regarding the nuclear programme. But it is to be kept in the notice that strengthening the power is the main focus of any government according to the school of thought of realism. So, if the Iranian government started to work on the nuclear programme for the purpose of inc reasing its nuclear power, then it is the right of the government. But here we should also say that every government, not only Iranian government, should allow the authority of united nations to inspect whether the work which is being done in the name of electricity purposes is actually being done for the same purpose or it has some other objectives also. Before going into the details of the new dossier related to Iranian nuclear programme, let’s first get to know the point of views of the Iranian government, Israel and the United States of America regarding Iranian nuclear programme.

Asian union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Asian union - Essay Example The Travel and Tour unit focuses on providing holiday, ticketing and travel services for clients in the UK and it has connections with airlines, hotels and other hospitality institutions in Asia and North America to provides clients good traveling and holiday services. There are numerous airlines around the world that partner with Asian Union to provide good carrier services to clients who need them. The Freight Service is provided by Western Freight Services which is a subsidiary of Asian Union Ltd. The Freight Service includes air and sea transport of goods and services for a wide customer base. It arranges for both regular and irregular products to be shipped and flown to different destinations around the world. The freight service also includes custom clearance and distribution of goods to their final destinations around the world. Asian Union also runs a money transfer agency that partners with Western Union to provide the best money transfer services for clients. This service t argets people sending money to Asian countries that have exotic currencies that are often not available in the UK. Targeted countries for their service include: Afghanistan, Pakistan, China and India. The company seeks to grow a distinct money transfer service that will incorporate all the customized needs of various destinations in the Asian region of the world. Asian Union is located on West Hendon Broadway. It is a suburban section of Northwest London that is a popular spot for many travel and tours as well as financial institutions. This section is known for the collectivity of the travel industry as well as international linkage businesses like freight services and money transfers. Find below an extract of the map of the Hendon area of London for further analysis: Point A: 174 West Hendon Broadway London NW9 7AA, UK. West Hendon Broadway is an elite street on London that is close to various affluent neighbourhoods of North London. There are at least 15 travel and related-servic e providers that are located within a 1-mile radius around the location of Asian Union Ltd. The location adds up to the competitive strengths of Asian Union Ltd since it is also highly accessible from various parts of London, and there is a thriving Asian community living just a few miles away from its location. Situational Analysis Asian Union Ltd is affected by numerous elements of the business environment. Each of these components of the external environment has some influence on the operations and activities of Asian Union and it affects the profitability, survival and growth of the business by posing some kind of threat or acting as some form of opportunity for improvement. These environmental factors can be analysed using the PEST model. Political Anti-Money Laundering UK's new Anti-Money Laundering Laws (AML) which seeks to prevent criminals from transferring funds from illegal activities has a major influence on the money transfer service that Asian Union transfers. Also, An ti-Terrorism laws makes it impossible for Asian Union to deal with certain blacklisted persons. Under this law, Asian Union cannot transfer over ?10,000 from a given customer without asking for the customer to disclose the source of funds and tax returns on the amount. Opportunities: This

Cost-Quality Relationship Essay Example for Free

Cost-Quality Relationship Essay There are three types of costs when quality considerations are made: Appraisal Costs, Prevention Costs, and Failure Costs. These costs are affiliated with the efforts of process improvement and are also known as quality costs or cost of quality. Appraisal costs are associated with measuring, evaluating or auditing products and services to satisfy quality and performance requirements set by the company. Examples of this cost include inspection and testing of purchases material, final inspections, audits for products and services, and testing equipment. Prevention costs are associated with all activities designed to prevent and stop poor quality in the products and services provided to the customers. Examples of this cost include new product review, supplier surveys, capability evaluations, improvement projects, education and training. Failure costs result from products and services that did not meet the quality standards and requirements set by the company. They divided into two categories: Internal Failure Costs and External Failure Costs. Internal failure costs occur before delivery and shipment of product and/or before services are performed to the customer. Examples of this cost include scrap,  rework, retesting, re-inspecting, reviewing the material and downgrading. External failure costs occur after delivery and during or after providing the service to the customer. Examples of this cost include reviewing and processing customer complaints, customer returns, claims based on warranty, and recalls. The total quality costs are the sum of the appraisal, prevention, and failure costs. This will represent the difference between the actual costs of the product and/or service. The trade-offs between the appraisal, prevention, and failure costs are relevant. Some believe when the prevention costs are increased , the appraisal and failure costs will decrease substantially. This means that the total costs will be lower. Others say that if they spend too much on quality, it will reduce the money available for other projects such as upgrades to technology.

Somatoform Disorder or Culture-Bound Syndrome: Manifestation & Symptom

One of the ongoing controversies about the relationship between culture and psychopathology has to do with the long-reported tendency of Asian psychiatric patients to primarily manifest and express psychological distress with somatic symptoms. Cultural differences in symptom expression have been the focus of studies on somatization. â€Å"Somatization is a term originally tied to a psychodynamic theory of illness causation in which psychological conflict was transformed or transduced into bodily distress† (Kirmayer & Young, 1998). Young & He (2002) imply that the absence of organic findings to explain patients’ reported symptoms suggest the possibility of a somatoform disorder. However, the common complaints usually do not satisfy the stringent DSM-IV-TR criteria for somatization disorder and can be categorized more closely to undifferentiated somatoform disorders. The most common theories propose that the low rate of reporting psychological problems and high rate of ov eremphasizing bodily symptoms among Asians compared to other ethnic groups may reflect cultural rather than cognitive preferences (Lin & Cheung, 1999; Chun, Eastman, Wang, & Sue, 1998). This is most evident in studies of various culture-specific syndromes such as the two Korean folk syndromes listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000): hwa-byung and shin-byung. Hwa-byung is literally translated into English as â€Å"anger syndrome† and attributed to the suppression of anger, disappointment, grudges, and unfulfilled expectations and the symptoms include insomnia, fatigue, panic, fear of impending death, dysphoric affect, indigestion, anorexia, dyspnea, palpitations, generalized aches and pains, and... ...that this view of somatization as a mark of psychological primitivism can be used against the patients by disqualifying and invalidating their somatic symptoms and expressions of distress. I recognize that issues that are relevant to the mental health of any cultural or ethnic group is multidimensional and complex. Despite the impossibility of generalizing any individual’s experience over that of another, I believe han is undeniably embedded in the deepest alcoves of the Korean psyche and soul which shapes and operates on so many levels—from the largest and highest historical-national level to the personal innermost-mindset of a Korean individual. In this brief and space-limited paper, I selectively reviewed research findings that were most relevant for further exploring the meaning of somatization and expression of han by Koreans in the field of psychopathology.

Moma Visit – Compare and Contrast Paintings

MoMA visit – Visual analysis Art is an effective way to express beauty. Artists have different ways to express their ideas and communicate nonverbally through their work. In the Early Modern Art period, artists were free to create their pieces in diverse ways that never had been done before. For this essay, I chose the works of two artists of this period to compare and contrast so that the diversity of Modern art can be demonstrated.Even though Vincent Van Gogh and Rene Magritte was born forty five years apart from each other and had different styles, I am interested in analyzing â€Å"The Starry Night† (Vincent van Gogh) and â€Å"The Empire of Light, ii† (Rene Magritte) after my trip to the Museum of Modern Art. At the first analysis, I would like to discuss the famous painting â€Å"The Starry Night† (1889) by Van Gogh. This painting is in oil on canvas and has the dimensions of 73. 7  cm ? 92. 1  cm. Van Gogh depicts the town in Rhone under gasligh t and reflected in the blue river.As it is displayed at MoMA, â€Å"The Starry Night† attracts a great number of visitors to its mysterious blue spirals. The focus of the painting is quite high as the first point drawn to the viewer is at the sky. The spirals meet with each other and the yellow stars are bright throughout the dark blue sky. Van Gogh uses thick brush strokes to draw the mysterious spirals, which occupy most of the center of the painting. The enormous spirals are reproduced images of moving waves in the ocean, but also induce a whirling movement. This technique plays a significant part to create the chaotically moving effect for the picture.Most people who see this picture for the first time feel that the whole scenery somehow shifts, even though it is a still life painting. Moving my view point from the mysterious spirals, I can see the big, extremely dark green cypress tree located in the right part of the picture. Cypress appears in Van gogh’s picture often such as in the â€Å"Cypresses† and â€Å"Wheatfield with cypresses. † Unlike these two pictures above, he uses similar sinuous curves tortured from full cycles one after another in this one to reproduce the brush stroke he uses in the spirals.In the bottom one third of the painting, Rhone town at midnight is peaceful in blue. The clearest part we can see at this town is the church and its bell tower. Although the church only consists of simple sketches, it seems to be the most complicated fragment in the painting. The bell tower points up to the sky and draws attention of the viewers to the spirals once again. Secondly, the next painting I would like to mention is â€Å"The Empire of Light ii† (1950) of Rene Magritte. Its dimensions are of 78. 8 x 99. 1 cm. Magritte wants to demonstrate a nocturnal scene under a daytime sky.When I first saw the painting, the initial thought that came through my mind was to admire the peaceful scenery of an ordinary small town. Then I noticed the paradox in the painting. The upper half of the painting is the light blue sky of a peaceful day with floating white clouds. However, the bottom half is a small town at midnight. Houses and trees are all covered with dark hue as if it is late at night. The town looks as if it has already gone to sleep. The thin and precise brush strokes that Magritte adroitly use make the picture look as real as a photo. The closer and longer I look at the painting, the more confused I become.The serenity of the deep-sleeping town, which is dimly lit by the antique street light, along with the floating clouds, makes me feel so calm and peaceful that I am persuaded into its reality. However, I am still able to notice the contrast between day and night in two halves of the painting. This confusion is the result of the eyes tricked to believe in what we see. The placement of day and night remarkably reminds us about our conscious mind that we use in everyday life, and about our lit unconscious mind that waits for us to use it to brighten our senses.This painting conceals Magritte’s psyche that â€Å"The mind loves the unknown. It loves images whose meaning is unknown, since the meaning of the mind itself is unknown. † On the one hand, there are similarities between two paintings that I notice. Firstly, both painters use oil on canvas for the paintings. They also have the approximate dimensions of about 70cmx95cm. Secondly, mystery is an important fact that makes the two paintings worth seeing. People cannot resist taking a look at the spirals and following the moving effect of the whole picture when seeing â€Å"The Starry Night. The spirals themselves are mysterious since they are echoed the movement of ocean waves. Similarly, ‘The Empire of Light, ii† makes spectators wonder the reality of a nocturnal scene of a small town under a sunny day. Their minds are tricked to believe in the true-to-life scene as well as to question th e paradox. In addition, luminosity is created successfully in two paintings. In â€Å"The Starry Night†, the moon and the stars illuminate the sky as stars and moon are in concentric circles and contrary to the dark blue sky surrounding.The moon is placed at the top right corner of the painting, where the sun usually appears, and produces light together with the stars. Correspondingly, in Magritte’s, light comes from the title of the painting itself. The lamppost, as well as the windows’ dim light, creates the luminosity standing alone in the dark night. Finally, even though both paintings have no sign of human and animals, motion still appears clearly. The whole â€Å"Starry Night† is a chaos, moving and moving freely, while the floating clouds in the sunny sky in the upper half of the painting prevents â€Å"The Empire of Light, ii† from lacking in movement.On the other hand, each picture has its own quality. The first difference between the two paintings is the brush stroke. Vincent van Gogh uses the thick brush stroke in â€Å"The Starry Night,† especially when painting the spirals and the cypress, while Magritte’s extremely thin brush stroke appears everywhere in the painting. As a result, the surfaces of two paintings are different; rough in â€Å"The Starry Night† and smooth in â€Å"The Empire of light, ii. † Also, while â€Å"The Starry Night† has an open shape, â€Å"The Empire of Light, ii† is closed-shaped. In â€Å"Starry Night,† there are no edges coming between the stars and the sky.They just merge with one another and create a beautiful â€Å"Starry Night. † However, the thin brush strokes in â€Å"The Empire of Light† identify all objects distinctively. Edges are clear between houses; clouds and sky are clearly recognized. Thirdly, although both painters use blue, the hue, value and intensity are different. Blue is the spiritual color in â€Å"Th e starry night,† and Van Gogh uses blue that varies from the darkest in the town to the lightest in the inside of the spirals. Blue is also diverse in the sky, together with yellow to make a sky lively.Magritte, however, uses just one value of light blue to paint his sky in a sunny day and the sky looks serene. Last but not least, even though both paintings depict the same subject of a small town at midnight, each painting represents a different style. While â€Å"the starry night† of Van Gogh follows post-impressionism – a style that combines the elements of Impressionism with those of non-Europe to create their own way – â€Å"The Empire of Light, ii† of Magritte is surrealist, whose purposes are to describe the irrational, to examine perception and to create the word and image relationship.In conclusion, â€Å"The starry night† of Vincent van Gogh and â€Å"The Empire of Light, ii† are expressions of aesthetic values. The paintings, either post-impressionist or surrealist, represent the painters’ own way of self-expression and their own way to communicate with the spectators nonverbally. Reference 1. Van Gogh’s letters http://vangoghletters. org/vg/letters/let693/letter. html http://vangoghletters. org/vg/letters/let782/letter. html 2. Magritte’s quotes http://www. rene-magritte. org/rene-magritte-quotes. jsp 3. Other http://www. moma. org/collection/object. php? object_id=78456 http://www. all-art. rg/art_20th_century/magritte1. html The starry night – Vincent van Gogh The Empire of Light, ii – Rene Magritte Claude Monet – Contextual factors influenced his style Claude Monet (1840-1926) was a French artist, who was considered a leader of the Impressionism movement as this style was named after his painting â€Å"Impression, Sunrise† (1872). He is one of the typical artists to mention when we discuss the Early Modern art era. I would like to analyze the contextu al factors that affect his style of painting. First of all, the political circumstances in France from 1870s had effects on Monet’s style.During the Franco-Prussian War (1871-1872), Monet came to England with Pissarro for shelter. He met the dealer Durand Ruel, who then became a great advocator of the Impressionists. Also in England, Monet had chance to study the works of John Constable and Joseph Mallord William Turner, which inspired his innovations in study of colors. After spending a summer (1971) in Amsterdam, Holland, he returned to French, which was damaged by the civil war. He stayed in Argenteuil, which was an industrially growing town near the Seine river until 1878.From 1872-1878, Argenteuil was a center for Impressionist painters to gather after Monet published his painting â€Å"Impression, Sunrise† depicted the Seine river. In addition, innovations in painting manufacture were introduced in public in 19th century. In 1841, John Rahn invented the collapsib le tin paint tube, which revolutionized the color palette and technique of  plein-air oil painting  by offering a range of pre-mixed colors in a convenient medium. This is a major factor to emerge Impressionism. Monet used this plein-air painting as a elementary principle of his art in 1860s,.He sought to combine his Realist investigation with the possibilities of creating a new style of painting. In the paintings produced at La Grenouillere at 1869, Monet found a way establish a challenging tension between appearances and painterly invention that proved sufficient basis for the developed Impressionist manner of the 1870s and after. In 1870s, Monet’s brush stroke became smaller and more diverse. He also tried to conduct experiments to control value contrasts. These experiments with color were played off against and within a traditional framework, essentially perspectives in nature.Finally, 19th century marked the emergence of photography, which had a major effect on Moder n Art. In the first half of the century, cameras were introduced continuously and rapidly improved. For example, in 1814, Joseph Niepce used his  camera obscura  to take picture, but the image required eight hours of light exposure and later faded. In 1851, Frederick Scott Archer invented the  Collodion process, in which images required only two or three seconds of light exposure. Thus, painters were in need of seeking new techniques to innovate their painting. They had to prove that paintings might not be replaced by photos.Thus, Monet sought a way to break the old rules of traditional painting. His brush strokes became thinner; the closed shape in traditional painting became more open as the boundaries between objects were more obscure, as we can see in his â€Å"Impression, Sunrise. † According to the contemporary critics, the painting was rather a sketch than a complete work of art. However, this painting was the first impressionist to be presented. In conclusion, t he political circumstances and developing technique are two crucial factors that affect the style of Monet Claude.After his first painting in 1972, Impressionism became his style for his later life. Work cited MoMA – Monet Claud’s biography http://www. moma. org/collection/artist. php? artist_id=4058 http://www. claude-monet. com/index. jsp House, John, et al. :  Monet in the 20th century, page 2, Yale University Press, 1998 http://www. visual-arts-cork. com/artist-paints/colour-palette-nineteenth-century. htm http://library. brown. edu/cds/paris/finearts. html#impressionism http://inventors. about. com/od/pstartinventions/a/Photography. htm