Students Performance In Rural And Urban Areas Education Essay

Students Performance In Rural And Urban Areas Education Essay Nowadays, education is the most important aspect in society development. School has to play a major role in ensuring the successful of the development. As for students, they need to have good skills and have to be proactive with an appropriate futuristic set of mind. Besides that, students are also need to be active in co curriculum activity along with high academic achievement. The learning environments also have major roles to play in learning and the area where the students lives can determine their performance in their studies. Reasons for the variations in achievement are geographic location, resources, availability of technology and also the quality of teachers. These studies want to investigate the differences between students performance in rural and urban areas. This purpose is to determine whether learning environment or living area is one of the factors that contribute to their low performance. Students performance is their achievements in their studies whether they have l ow or high performance. Urban area relates to the area that are surrounding by cities and it is well populated areas compared to rural area which is sparsely populated areas and it usually farmland or country areas. The learning environments also have major roles to play in learning not only of social studies but of other disciplines in the school curriculum Topic of Interest: The Differences between Students Performance in Rural and Urban Areas Purpose of study: 1) To investigate the differences between students performances in rural and urban areas. 2) To discuss the factors of low performance among students in rural area. 3) To find ways to address the achievement gap differences between rural and urban students. DISCUSSION THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS Recent educational research has examined rural and urban differences in their achievement. Many educators, researchers, legislators and the general public believe that students from rural schools mostly receive an education that is inferior compared to the students that live in urban areas. Students background also impact on their performance where we can see that many of the students that lives in rural areas has low academic achievement when we compared it with the students that lives in urban areas. There are many factors that cause to the gap performance between students in rural and urban areas. Students in urban schools get many excess compared to students in rural schools. The National Education Association said that the low performing youth are in public rural schools (Brown Swanson, 2001). The excellent performance of urban students is because of their better quality in their education, availability of the information that they get from various sources like mass media and electronic media, their educated families and peers groups which help them for better performance. They have many advantages and facilities in their education compared to rural students. Students in rural areas less exposed to the outside world and also lack of knowledge about the currents issues that happen. Education is proving to be effective instrument that can raise students self-belief, forethought, self-esteem and self-efficacy. Students that lives in undeveloped village must try to attain the best education for them and do not make their living environment as one of the factors that be a barrier in their success. We also can see that students in rural areas are much less likely to earn a college degree than students of urban areas. The disparity is highest in rural areas where only 8 percent of rural residents over age 25 have a college degree, compared with 16 percent of the residents in urban areas (U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1999). So from these, we can clarify that, there is a gap of performance between students that live in rural and urban areas due to some factors. FACTORS OF LOW PERFORMANCE AMONG STUDENTS IN RURAL AREAS There are many factors that contribute to the differences of performance between students in rural and urban areas. Family Factor At the rural areas, family is one of the factors that determine their child performance. In this study, students in rural areas have low performance compared to students in urban areas because it is relate to their parents education. Majority of parents in rural areas are less educated than parents in urban areas. The family background is the most important and weighty factor in determining the academic performance of learners (Adell, 2002: 91). Survey found that, rural students felt no pressure to attain good performance when their parents expectations towards education were low. Parental encouragement has a positive influence towards their child performance and at rural areas most of parents did not care about their child academic performance. Some experts believe that parent expectations is the most influential factor affecting youth decisions to pursue education (Esterman Hedlund, 1995; Smith, Beaulieu, Seraphine, 1995). Low Socio-economic Factor The students background relate to the low socioeconomic factor of their family also one of the factor that effect their performance in education. Most of the students that live in rural areas come from low income family. Their parents cannot provide them enough educational resources at home. Compared to students at urban areas, the majority of them come from high income families and their parents are afford to sent them to their tuition classes in order to get better performance. Urban students also can buy additional books for their references while for the rural students, they non-exposure to educational resources and it will affect their performance compared to those who have access to such resources. Students who have access to more resources are advantage compared to those from poor families because they can know more about the latest developments around them thus can assist them to improve their performance at schools. Lack of Facilities and Resources Education promotes human capital as an asset that has greater or lower rates of return depend on the quality of education that is provided. Some of the factors that contributing to the poor performance are lack or resources and poor facilities in most schools especially in rural areas. Some of schools in rural areas are dilapidated compared to those in urban areas. The problem regarding unequal distribution of resources between provinces, rural and urban areas are still intact (Motala Pampalis, 2001:56). Several schools in rural areas do not have laboratories and this situation means that students learn science by rote learning. Facilities are important in order to make the teaching and learning process more effective. Students that live in rural areas will less expose to the using of technology because the facilities that were provided for them are not sufficient. This will make their learning process will be less effective and they will have less knowledge about current issues as well as how to use technology. Students in urban areas have many advantages in their learning process and with the advent of technology it will make easier for their study. They will more understanding with their learning with the facilities provided. Less Qualified Teachers Teacher is the important role in order to create good performance students. Most of the teacher did not want to posting in rural area because they think it will bring difficulty to them. So, the majority of teachers that were sent to the rural areas are the new teachers that have less experience in teaching. Awoniyi (1981) remarked that there is a direct relationship between the quality of teaching personnel and the quality of education process. Most of them did not master the teaching technique yet because they are still new in teaching area. When we compared to students in urban areas they usually have a teachers that have good communications skills in English. Most of teachers compete for placement in urban schools. So, rural school will have inadequate teacher and it will make their learning progress disturbed and not running properly. WAYS TO ADDRESS THE ACHIEVEMENT GAP DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS In order to overcome the differences performance between students in rural and urban areas, several ways should be taken. The Role of Government Government has to play a role in improving educational outcomes for rural students. Government should provide enough facilities to the schools that located in rural areas same as the urban schools. Besides that, government also must provide a financial support to the students that lives in rural areas where we know that most of them come from low income families and not affordable to gain a better education and services. Facilities that were provided must be fair and equal treatment should be given to rural schools same like urban schools. In addition, best educators also should be placed in rural schools because they can help students to improve their performance. Good teachers will produce good students. Most important is government should ensure that teachers are adequately qualified to teach the subject that allocated for them and they can do their work properly. Education department also should visit all schools to establish and verify their needs to ensure that resources are al located in line with their needs and status. Role of Parents While the teachers play their role at school, parents should play their roles at home. Although parents in rural areas have no education, they can help their children performance in terms of giving them moral supports and motivation to learn. Even they cannot help in terms of provide resources to learn, they can give a support to their child to study hard to change the fate of their family. Parents should realize how important of education to their child and their future. Parents can always ask their child about their learning progress and accompanied them during doing their work. They also must always care about their child performance and monitor their progress. The Role of Teachers The teacher is an important force in school learning. Teachers also one of the sources that can help in overcomes the problem of low performance among rural students. Teachers can help in encouraging the students to study hard and help them to complete most of their work at school during study time, where students can ask teachers if they do not understand about the lesson. If they are doing work at home, nobody can help them since their parents might not be able to assist because most of parents in rural areas have less education. Teachers should encourage their students to participate in many activities because it will give them the opportunity to build their self-confident and positive self-esteem. Besides that, teacher also can create a caring and supportive environment where students will feel more comfortable during their learning. Good relationship between students and teacher also good in order to improve students performance where when teachers are close with the students, s tudents will feel easy and not shy to ask anything that they do not understand. The Role as a Student The students itself should realize the importance of education in their future lives. If they want a better life in the future they must study hard to get a good performance. Usually students at rural area does not care about their education and most of them dropout from schooling. This is because they do not have motivation in their study and their parents also did not care about their performance. So in order to overcome the gap performance between students in rural and urban areas, rural students should set their mind that education is important to change their lives. When they have a mindset that education is important, they will study hard in order to get a good achievement. CONCLUSION The study presented the differences of performances between students in rural and urban areas. Rural and urban schools are characterized by its unique strength and weaknesses. Rural and urban schools are much the same when it comes to resources and learning environments (EQR, 2003, p.45). Yet there are many variables that affect students achievement and those variables are directly related to whether a school is considered a rural or an urban school. Some factors that contribute to the gap performances between students in these two areas were determined and also recommendations in order to overcome this problem were suggested. Although some recommendations have been highlighted, solutions might not be easy for them. The suggestions for improving the performance among rural students is that they must understand their environment properly, and maintain their inner resources like self-efficacy and self-esteem. From this study we can conclude that, there have differences between students performance in rural and urban schools. Students that lives in urban area will get high performance excel opportunities provided by their location. Urban students have greater access to many resources and therefore have opportunities that are not easily accessible to rural students. Besides that urban parents were more professional and they realize the advantage of education. Parents of rural students were less likely to expect their children to advance their education. From the comparison of this study we can know what the differences between rural and urban schools are.

Beowulf: The History of Grendel :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Grendel was the embodiment of all that was evil and dark. Before Grendel was a monster, his name was Lednerg. He was described as a monster, demon, and a fiend. Terrible events occurred to Grendel to transform him into a horrible monster. Lednerg had a very weird childhood. He did not have any siblings. Throughout his childhood, Lednerg endured many insults directed to him and his family. His parents were also second cousins. He was always the last to finish his homework. During his early years, sports were not very kind to Lednerg. His only friend was Adolf. Adolf was extremely smart, and he was blessed with great sporting abilities. Whenever Lednerg was in a pensive mood, Adolf always brought joy to him. Lednerg’s education ended when his mom got in a verbal assault with the school president. With lack of sufficient education, Lednerg made many stupid decisions in his life. Since Lednerg did not attend school anymore, his parents forced him to get a job. Lednerg worked for Natas, who owned a football team, as a water boy. All the football players made fun of everything that Lednerg did at work. In the beginning, Lednerg did not get discouraged; in fact, Lednerg worked extra hard to make sure the water was at perfect temperature for drinking. Unfortunately, one of the players made fun of Lednerg’s mom. Something in Lednerg’s mind went off, and he tackled the player with all his strength. Natas saw Lednerg’s potential; however, he knew he needed to have full control of Lednerg. Natas separated Lednerg from his family by killing all his relatives. Natas told Lednerg that he needed to be angrier to be a better football player. During one of the football games, Lednerg hit the opponent in the head after the play was over. After staying a few days in the Intensive Care Unit, he died. Lednerg felt very upset at what he had done, but Natas told him that it was not his fault. At this time, Adolf was also on the football team. Natas told Lednerg that if by some chance Adolf was hurt, then all the glory would be his. The next day, Adolf was found dead. Lednerg had so many thoughts going through his head about everything he had done.

Financial Statement Review

Financial Statement Review University of Phoenix ACC/561 Financial Statement Review Introduction Financial statements play a significant role in each and every type of business. The financial statements provide a wealth of information to auditors, creditors, investors, suppliers and other important venues that need access to this type of information. This paper will discuss four different types of financial statements and how they are utilized by vendors, creditors and others. The four financial statements that will be reviewed are the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statements and statement of retained earnings.Income Statement Beginning with the income statement, the information provided includes the amount of revenue that the company earns over a certain period of time. The period of time is usually a year or some a portion of a year. An income statement reveals the net worth or loss of a company reporting on the costs and expenses associated with the revenue earnings. Balance Sheet The balance sheet is a snapshot which examines the business. This statement records assets, liabilities and the equity of a company at a particular point in time.The equation used for the balance sheet is assets = liabilities + shareholdersequity. Assets are those things that the company actually owns or controls. The liabilities are represented by the debt or financing that was taken out to acquire those assets. Equity is that money that has been provided by people or stockholders to keep the business afloat. Statement of Cash Flows The statement of cash flows statements reports over a period of time and covers cash inflows and outflows. Generally the statement of cash flows refers to the day to day operations or operating cash flows, cash from investing and cash from financing.It is difficult for a company to manipulate the cash flow and therefore is a very important financial statement. Statement of Retained Earnings The statement of retained earnings reports on cha nges in retained earnings for a specific period. The statement of retained earnings reconciles the beginning and ending retained earnings for that period and will include net income from other statements. It is an inclusion to either the balance sheet or the income statement and not a stand-alone financial statement. Importance of Financial Statements Financial statements have a significant impact on the successfulness of a company.Depending on whether you’re an investor, creditor or manager, the information that is most crucial will depend on who you are. An investor is concerned with the bottom line and the overall value and growth of a company. A company’s earnings and revenue can be compared to the stock price. As an investor the balance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flows is important. Investors will review the information and determine if the company overcame any obstacles and if there is still room for growth. They will also review the net income / loss and the history over previous years to determine any growth or potential for growth.As a creditor, information that is important is the current amount of debt and the amount of cash that is available to pay back that debt. The statement that would be most beneficial would be the balance sheet. The balance sheet contains all of the assets to include cash and cash equivalents and current liabilities as well. It is important to know the current ratio for a creditor to determine the worthiness of the company and the ability to pay both short term and long term debts. A manager is going to be concerned with all statements.When questions are asked by investors and creditors it usually falls back on the manager. It is important for a manager to know the financial position of an organization as it relates to them. Conclusion It is clear that all financial statements play an important role within an organization. The information needed is dependent on who is reviewing the information . The information needs to be reported accurately and efficiently and will cover a specific point in time or a certain period. References Kimmel, Paul D. (2009) Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making (3rd ed). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Genetic Predermination in the Movie Gattaca essays

Genetic Predermination in the Movie Gattaca essays The film Gattaca explores the possibility of genetic predetermination in humans. It may create social and cultural advantages and help humans achieve lifelong goals. However, there are more negative effects of genetic predetermination than positive. Genetically predetermined humans are separated from society and suffer from perfection. They conform to perfection and lose their individuality. The force of human will is a way in determining a person's fate rather than their genetic predisposition. There are ways to fulfill goals in life other than genetic predetermination. Genetically predetermined humans were seen in the film Gattaca. The film was centered on a man named Vincent. He was conceived without technology and was born with deficiencies. On the other hand, Anton, Vincent's brother, was genetically superior. Vincent faced genetic discrimination and prejudice. He also had a lifelong dream of becoming an astronaut. The only way Vincent thought he would be able to achieve his dream was to impersonate a "valid" person to gain a genetic advantage. Then Vincent assumed the identity of Jerome Morrow, a former swimming star. He had a genetic makeup that was second to none. Jerome helped Vincent to change his identity by giving him blood, urine samples, and other things to help him to pass any genetic test. The genetic makeup of Jerome helped Vincent achieve his goal. Genetic predetermination can create tremendous advantages for humans. It can help some humans to achieve lifelong goals. They can be awarded jobs in which they would normally not be able to have. It can eliminate the flaws in humans that they are naturally born with. Genetic predetermination can help create the perfect person. These are some positive effects it can have, but there are more negative effects. People who are genetically predetermined are not meant for the world. They are not real and are separated from society. One reference made in the film about them ...

Planting, Growing, and Marketing Royal Paulownia

Planting, Growing, and Marketing Royal Paulownia Paulownia tomentosa has had marvelous press on the Internet. Several Australian and United States companies make claims of extraordinary growth, unbelievable wood values, and magnificent beauty. Paulownia, they write, can shade an area in record time, resist insects, feed livestock, and improve the soil component - and in some ways this is correct. But is this just hype or is the plant truly a supertree Let me introduce you to Royal Paulownia and you just might rethink the abilities given to the tree by producers. Empress Tree - Mythology vs. Facts You can tell this tree is very special right away, from just its name. The plants pedigree and regal names include Empress Tree, Kiri Tree, Sapphire Princess, Royal Paulownia, Princess Tree, and Kawakami. The surrounding mythology abounds and many cultures can claim title to embellishing the plants many legends. Many cultures love and embrace the tree which in turn promoted its worldwide popularity.  The Chinese were the first to establish a much-practiced tradition that included the tree. An oriental Paulownia is planted when a daughter is born. When she marries, the tree is harvested to create a musical instrument, clogs or fine furniture; they then live happily ever after. Even today, it is a valued wood in the orient and top dollar is paid for its procurement and used for many products. A Russian legend has it that the tree was named Royal Paulownia in honor of Princess Anna Pavlovnia, daughter of Russias Czar Paul I. Its name Princess or Empress tree was an endearment to a nations rulers. In the United States, many of these trees have been planted for wood production  but naturalized wild stands grow along the Eastern Seaboard and through the mid-western states. Paulownias range is said to have expanded because of the seed pods used in packing shipped cargo from China early in the last century. Containers were emptied, winds scattered, the tiny seeds and a fast paulownia forest developed. The tree has been in America since introduction during the mid-1800s. It was first discovered as a profitable tree in the 1970s by a Japanese timber buyer and the wood was purchased at attractive prices. This sparked a multimillion-dollar export market for the wood. One log is said to have sold for $20,000 US dollars. That enthusiasm has mostly run its course. One thing to remember is, the wood is totally ignored by domestic timber companies in the United States and speaks volumes about its economic potential, at least to me. But utilization studies by several universities including Tennessee, Kentucky, Maryland, and Virginia suggests the potential  for a favorable future market. Should You Plant Royal Paulownia? There are some compelling reasons to plant Paulownia. The tree has some of the best soil, water, and nutrient retaining properties. It can be made into forest products. At first blush, it makes sense to plant Paulownia, watch it grow, improve the environment, and make a fortune at the end of ten to twelve years. But is it really that simple? Here are the attractive reasons for growing the tree: Paulownia is a light, air curable wood, that does not warp, twist, or crack. The tree is fire resistant and water repellent. These are very good wood qualities and the tree has all of these. Paulownia can be sold for pulp, paper, poles, construction material, plywood, and furniture and at top dollar. You still have to be lucky enough to be growing the trees in an area with a good market. Paulownia can be commercially harvested in five to seven years. This is true but only for some products made by companies that may or may not be buying at any given time. Paulownia is a beautiful tree and is easily propagated from root cuttings. But it can also become a problem in the landscape because of its messy habits. Paulownia is nitrogen rich and makes an excellent livestock fodder and soil amending mulching material.   If all of these statements are true, and for the most part they are, you would be doing yourself a favor to plant the tree. It would, in fact, be a great idea to plant the tree on a good site. Great for the environment, great for shade, great for soil, great for water quality and great for a beautiful landscape. But is it economically sound to plant Paulownia over large areas? Are Paulownia Plantations Economically Practical? A recent discussion on a favorite forestry forum was are Paulownia plantations economic? Gordon J. Esplin writes promoters of Paulownia plantations are claiming incredible growth (4 years to 60, 16 at breast height) and value (eg $800/cubic meter) for Paulownia trees. This seems to be too good to be true. Are there any independent, scientific studies on the species? James Lawrence of Toad Gully Growers, a Paulownia propagation company in Australia sums it up completely. There has, unfortunately, been much over-hyped promotion of Paulownia. It is true, however, that under the right conditions, Paulownia produces valuable timber in a shorter time frame... Lawrence goes on to say that it usually takes from 10 to 12 years to achieve a size economical to mill and is not construction strong enough to be used as building material. It is most likely to find its place in moldings, doors, window frames, veneers, and furniture. He further says that trees in the cooler regions of Australia may be more slowly grown and consequently of higher timber quality - close growth rings are desired for furniture - than those grown in warmer climates; however, the higher rate of crop rotation in the warmer zones should compensate for any lower returns per m3. Lawrence just indicated, at least to me, that we need to take a deep breath and grow the tree slower for optimum quality. And what about a little thing called market? Remembering that the top three things that affect the value of any real property are location, location, location, I would suggest that the top three things that affect the value of standing timber price are markets, markets, markets. Paulownia is no different from any other tree in this regard and you need to find a market before planting and I have found no support for a market on the Internet. The literature suggests that the present US market is extremely under-developed in Paulownia and one source actually suggested that there is no present market. The future of this tree depends on a future market. I did run across a credible reference to price. Mississippi State University indicates in a report on Unique Species and Uses that Paulownia logs have been found growing in the Mississippi Delta and south along the Mississippi River. Paulonia logs have been in high demand in Japan and bring excellent prices (my emphasis) to landowners in Mississippi. I have yet to find that buying source. Also, there are risks associated with any tree planting venture. Paulownia is no different. It is sensitive to drought, root rot, and diseases. There is also the economic risk of producing a tree with little future economic value.

The Importance of Military Bearing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Importance of Military Bearing - Essay Example Whether in the darkness of war trenches or in the comfort of their offices in the barracks, military personnel are expected to exhibit a high level of professionalism. Therefore, the capability of demonstrating military bearing is independent of the sites of operation: it is a demonstration of the military tactfulness, which is a direct opposite of the civilian sloppiness. In fact, many military officers today decided to join the Armed Forces because of the spruce appearance of the military personnel. (a) Self-dignity: The beauty of military bearing is in the ability to carry oneself with dignity. The military personnel are often encouraged to stand tall: they should maintain a realistic air of self-importance around themselves. The extent of self-dignity depends on the ranks of individual officers. To display this enviable self-dignity, the military personnel are taught to assume certain kinds of postures, like standing straight with the back upright like a ramrod and looking straight into the eyes of their interlocutors. Some officers have taken this self-importance farther than that: one could perceive self-dignity in their gaits as they walk from one place to another: The higher the rank the bigger the swagger or faster the sprightly gait. (b) Physical Appearance: One of the amazing things about the military is the immaculate appearance that military personnel command. You could see their uniforms properly ironed and neat. Even the way they put on these uniforms depict professionalism that seems to make people dizzy about whether soldiers truly spend hours to get their uniforms prepared. Although, it isn’t the uniform itself that matters, the way it is worn: military personnel have different ranks, and each rank has the befitting official uniform that stipulates the appropriate level of authority as reflected by the officers’ epaulettes, badges, caps or berets, and other military paraphernalia. A military officer is expected to be neat, spruce, brisk, and articulate in fashion.  Ã‚  

Schools of Thoughts in International Relation Theory Term Paper

Schools of Thoughts in International Relation Theory - Term Paper Example While talking about realism, we must also talk about that kind of an issue which can be appropriately explained by the realism school of thought. The issue which we are talking about is the Iranian nuclear programme. Let’s discuss the issue of the Iranian nuclear programme in detail while keeping in mind the aspect of realism. Iran has started to work on the nuclear programme in the 1950s by saying that its basic purpose will be to overcome the shortage of electricity and atoms for peace programme. In the start of this nuclear programme, the United States of America also provided great help to Iran for the purpose of being a part of atoms for peace programme. That support, appreciation, and motivation were not only from the United States of America but also from another western world. It lasted till the Iranian revolution in 1979.After 1979, the Iranian government started to work on the nuclear programme with less support and assistance in the western world. Several misconceptions began to arise due to this act of the Iranian government regarding the nuclear programme. But it is to be kept in the notice that strengthening the power is the main focus of any government according to the school of thought of realism. So, if the Iranian government started to work on the nuclear programme for the purpose of inc reasing its nuclear power, then it is the right of the government. But here we should also say that every government, not only Iranian government, should allow the authority of united nations to inspect whether the work which is being done in the name of electricity purposes is actually being done for the same purpose or it has some other objectives also. Before going into the details of the new dossier related to Iranian nuclear programme, let’s first get to know the point of views of the Iranian government, Israel and the United States of America regarding Iranian nuclear programme.